{"id":84,"date":"2023-11-27T17:23:57","date_gmt":"2023-11-27T09:23:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/47.92.241.177\/?p=84"},"modified":"2023-12-19T14:15:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-19T06:15:04","slug":"%e5%87%a0%e5%8d%81%e5%b9%b4%e5%89%8d%e5%a9%b4%e5%84%bf%e5%81%9a%e5%bc%80%e8%86%9b%e6%89%8b%e6%9c%af%e4%b8%8d%e6%89%93%e9%ba%bb%e8%8d%af%ef%bc%8c%e5%9b%a0%e4%b8%ba%e5%8c%bb%e7%94%9f%e8%a7%89%e5%be%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/?p=84","title":{"rendered":"\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5a74\u513f\u505a\u5f00\u819b\u624b\u672f\u4e0d\u6253\u9ebb\u836f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u533b\u751f\u89c9\u5f97\u5a74\u513f\u6ca1\u6709\u75db\u89c9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"920\" height=\"736\" src=\"https:\/\/present.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-326\" srcset=\"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby.png 920w, 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Lawson\uff09\u7684\u65e9\u4ea7\u513f\u964d\u751f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u76db\u987f\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u80ba\u52a8\u8109\u5bfc\u7ba1\u672a\u95ed\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u9700\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u624b\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u624b\u672f\u5168\u7a0b\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u9ebb\u9189\u5242\uff0c\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6cee\u5e93\u6eb4\u94f5\uff08pavulon\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u808c\u8089\u677e\u5f1b\u5242\u3002<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u808c\u8089\u677e\u5f1b\u5242\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u5728\u624b\u672f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e71\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u610f\u8bc6\u5374\u4e00\u76f4\u6e05\u9192\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u533b\u751f\u9996\u5148\u5728\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u7684\u9888\u90e8\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u53e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u4e00\u6839\u7ba1\u5b50\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u53e3\u4f38\u5165\u5230\u80f8\u8154\u4e2d\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u4ece\u80f8\u9aa8\u5230\u810a\u67f1\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u53e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u7684\u8089\u3001\u808b\u9aa8\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80ba\u62c9\u5230\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8840\u7ba1\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u672f\u3002\u7f1d\u5408\u80f8\u8154\u540e\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u53c8\u5728\u4fa7\u9762\u5f00\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\uff0c\u628a\u7ba1\u5b50\u63d2\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u80ba\u90e8\u3002\u201d 1991\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\uff08Los Angeles Times\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u624b\u672f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2a\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u7684\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6e05\u695a\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8116\u5b50\u5f00\u53e3\u3001\u7ba1\u5b50\u63d2\u5165\u4f53\u5185\u3001\u80f8\u819b\u88ab\u5256\u5f00\u53c8\u7f1d\u5408\u4e0a\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"936\" height=\"994\" src=\"https:\/\/present.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-327\" srcset=\"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby1.png 936w, 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class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5426\u8ba4\u5a74\u513f\u75db\u89c9\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u5c81\u6708<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u65f6\u9488\u518d\u5f80\u56de\u62e8\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5a74\u513f\u6ca1\u6709\u75db\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c \u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\uff08scientist\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u90fd\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff081833\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u53bb\u8bc4\u5224\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7528<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u201c\u65e0\u77e5\u548c\u8352\u8bde\u201d<\/mark>\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fc7\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u75bc\u75db\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1842\u5e74\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u514b\u52b3\u798f\u5fb7\u00b7\u6717\uff08Crawford Long\uff09\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u624b\u672f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u9ebb\u9189\u5242\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u9ebb\u9189\u53f2\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9ebb\u9189\u836f\u54c1\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5927\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u75bc\u75db\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684<\/mark>\uff0c 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sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\uff1a\u602a\u6211\u5570\uff1f\uff08\u5e95\u56fe\u6765\u6e90\uff1aWikipedia\/public domain\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c06\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd8\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u201c\u4e9a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5316\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<\/mark>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u548c\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u30021873\u5e74\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb\u505a\u827e\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u6839\u8328\u9ed8\u5c14\uff08Alfred Genzmer\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c<mark 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style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5185\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fd8\u8fd1\u4e4e\u4e3a\u96f6<\/mark>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u840c\u82bd\uff0c\u4f46\u8ddd\u79bb\u5b83\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u5185\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0ccognitive psychology\uff09\u8fd8\u6709\u7ea6\u83ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6839\u8328\u9ed8\u5c14\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u201c\u773c\u7736\u6e7f\u6da6\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5916\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u201c\u611f\u5230\u75bc\u75db\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5185\u5728\u611f\u53d7\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u2014\u2014<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08Behaviorism\uff09\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/mark>\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8ba9\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u672c\u52a0\u5389\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u7c7b\u5916\u5728\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u5b8c\u5168\u201c\u62c9\u9ed1\u201d\u4e86\u5185\u5728\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7B\u00b7\u6c83\u68ee\uff08John Broadus Watson\uff09\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u201c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u7cb9\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u201d\u3002\u5728\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u540c\uff1a\u5a74\u513f\u9762\u5bf9\u9488\u523a\u7b49\u75bc\u75db\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u5982\u54ed\u6ce3\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5a74\u513f\u662f\u5426\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u75bc\u75db\u65e0\u5173\uff1b<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\uff08reflex\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"456\" height=\"654\" src=\"https:\/\/present.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-329\" srcset=\"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby3.png 456w, \/\/m.relmradio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby3-209x300.png 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7B\u00b7\u6c83\u68ee\uff0c\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5c0f\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u201d\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08&#8221;Little Albert&#8221; experiment\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u5df4\u752b\u6d1b\u592b\u7684\u72d7\u201d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9f50\u540d\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aWikipedia\/public domain\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u6743\u5a01\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u54ed\u58f0\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u2018\u968f\u673a\u58f0\u97f3\u2019\uff1b\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u7b11\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u2018\u808c\u8089\u75c9\u631b\u2019\u6216\u2018\u6c14\u4f53\u2019\uff1b\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u2018\u5e7b\u60f3\u2019\uff1b\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u2018\u53cd\u5c04\u2019\u201d\u8fd9\u662f\u540e\u6765\u4e00\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\uff08David B. Chamberlain\uff09\u5728\u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u5199\u4e0b\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u6781\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5982<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u9488\u523a\u3001\u7535\u51fb\u3001\u70ed\u6c34\u70eb<\/mark>\u7b49\uff1b\u800c\u5a74\u513f\u5bf9\u6b64\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u54ed\u558a\u3001\u95ea\u8eb2\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3001\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u7b49\uff0c\u7edf\u7edf\u88ab\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e0b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u662f\u5426\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u75bc\u75db\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u8be5\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u75db\u89c9\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7ee7\u7eed\u5229\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u5426\u8ba4\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u75db\u89c9\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u5a74\u513f\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5a74\u513f\u611f\u53d7\u4e0d\u5230\u75db\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66fc\u5fb7\u5c14\u00b7\u820d\u66fc\uff08Mandel Sherman\uff09\u548c\u827e\u7433\u00b7\u820d\u66fc\uff08Irene Sherman\uff09\u592b\u5987\u57281936\u5e74\u9488\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u9488\u523a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff1a\u201c\uff08\u5a74\u513f\u7684\uff09\u4ea4\u53c9\u5c48\u66f2\u53cd\u5c04\uff08flexion reflex\uff09\u53ea\u5728\u8111\u5e72\u6c34\u5e73\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u810a\u9ad3\u548c\u9888\u9ad3\u4ecb\u5bfc\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5a74\u513f\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4e9a\u76ae\u8d28\u52a8\u7269\u201d\uff08sub-cortical animal\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u5bf9\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53ea\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ed8\u7279\u5c14\u00b7\u9ea6\u683c\u52b3\uff08Myrtle McGraw\uff09\u901a\u8fc7<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5bf975\u4f4d\u5a74\u513f\u8fdb\u884c\u76842008\u6b21\u9488\u523a\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/mark>\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u4e45\u7684\u7684\u5a74\u513f\uff0c\u5bf9\u9488\u523a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u66f4\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5979\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u5728\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u5979\u603b\u7ed3\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u8fd0\u52a8\u53cd\u5e94\uff08sensori-motor reactions\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e18\u8111\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6c89\u5bc2<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ea6\u683c\u52b3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5a74\u513f\u662f\u5426\u6709\u75db\u89c9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u76d6\u68fa\u5b9a\u8bba\u3002<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u533b\u751f\u666e\u904d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u201c\u5a74\u513f\u5bf9\u75db\u89c9\u7684\u654f\u611f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba<\/mark>\uff0c\u5728\u624b\u672f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u4f7f\u7528\u808c\u8089\u677e\u5f1b\u5242\u6216\u8005\u5f88\u5fae\u91cf\u7684\u9ebb\u9189\u5242\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"936\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/present.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-330\" srcset=\"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby4.png 936w, \/\/m.relmradio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby4-300x212.png 300w, \/\/m.relmradio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby4-768x542.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 936px) 100vw, 936px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1apixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6c89\u5bc2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u968f\u7740\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u75db\u89c9\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u6b64\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8ba9\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u6000\u7591\u201c\u5a74\u513f\u6ca1\u6709\u75db\u89c9\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0<\/mark>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u75db\u89c9\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u73b0\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u94fa\u57ab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u5728\u9ea6\u683c\u52b3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u53d1\u8868\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u5e0c\u7279\u00b7\u6d3e\u4f69\u65af\uff08Albrecht Peiper\uff09\u5c31\u8d28\u7591\u4e86\u9ea6\u683c\u52b3\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u513f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u867d\u7136\u66f4\u8fdf\u949d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ec8\u7a76\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u50cf\u9ea6\u683c\u52b3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u8f7b\u5fae\u3002\u800c\u4e14<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ea6\u683c\u52b3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u75bc\u75db\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5a74\u513f\uff0c\u6d3e\u4f69\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u6709\u5173<\/mark>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u65e9\u4ea7\u513f\u8eab\u4e0a\u603b\u662f\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540e\u6765\u6d3e\u4f69\u65af\u5728\u300a\u5a74\u5e7c\u513f\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u300b\uff08Cerebral Function in Infancy and Childhood\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u6210\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u4e2d\u514d\u53d7\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5a74\u513f\u5bf9\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u7406\u5e94\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6210\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u5229\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u72af\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6beb\u65e0\u53cd\u6297\u80fd\u529b<\/mark>\u3002\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u5ba3\u5e03\u5a74\u513f\u5bf9\u75bc\u75db\u5e76\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u9ebb\u9189\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7d\u95e8\u75c9\u631b\u624b\u672f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eb2\u773c\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u663e\u7136\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u65e5\u5e38\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u6d3e\u4f69\u65af\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u6ce2\u6f9c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0e\u9ea6\u683c\u52b3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u8fdc\uff08\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6d3e\u4f69\u65af\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u7528\u5fb7\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u7684\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u4e5f\u6709\u96f6\u661f\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u5a74\u513f\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u75db\u89c9\uff0c\u4f46\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u90fd\u77f3\u6c89\u5927\u6d77\u3002<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u201c\u547c\u75db\u201d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6b63\u7b49\u5f85\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u7206\u53d1\u70b9\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u7206\u53d1<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u52301985\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u2014\u2014\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u00b7\u52b3\u68ee\u53bb\u4e164\u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5409\u5c14\u00b7\u52b3\u68ee\uff08Jill Lawson\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u6bcf\u65e5\u4ee5\u6cea\u6d17\u9762\uff0c\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u5931\u53bb\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u60b2\u4f24\u4e2d\u3002\u90a3\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u624b\u672f\u4e0d\u6253\u9ebb\u836f\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5728\u5409\u5c14\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u91cc\u53cd\u590d\u56de\u8361\uff0c\u60b2\u4f24\u88f9\u643a\u7740\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u8ba9\u5979\u4e0d\u613f\u5c31\u6b64\u653e\u624b\uff0c\u5979\u89c9\u5f97\u5979\u8be5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u505a\u70b9\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5409\u5c14\u00b7\u52b3\u68ee\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u901d\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u8fd8\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u513f\u5b50\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u9053\u3002\u5979\u5f00\u59cb\u75af\u72c2\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u7ed9\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u7ed9\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u770b\u4f3c\u5408\u7406\u201d\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff1a\u5a74\u513f\u6ca1\u6709\u75db\u89c9\uff1b<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8fd9\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7<\/mark>\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u51fa\u4e16\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e5f\u80fd\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u809a\u5b50\u91cc\u90a3\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u5a74\u513f\u6ca1\u6709\u75db\u89c9\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5409\u5c14\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5409\u5c14\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7ec8\u4e8e\u88ab\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u662f1986\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\uff08The Washington Post\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u9ebb\u9189\u7684\u624b\u672f\uff1a\u65e9\u4ea7\u513f\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u75bc\u75db\u5417\u201d\uff08Surgery Without Anesthesia: Can Preemies Feel Pain?\uff09\u3002<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u957f\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u5a31\u81ea\u4e50\u201d\u5f0f\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u624d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u88ab\u666e\u901a\u5927\u4f17\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/mark>\u8fd9\u662f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u4e0b\u7684\u6218\u4e66\uff0c\u5409\u5c14\u548c\u4f17\u591a\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u8981\u6c42\u533b\u5b66\u754c\u505c\u6b62\u5728\u4e0d\u6253\u9ebb\u836f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u672f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5c31\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u75db\u89c9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/mark>\u5f7c\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\uff08Oxford University\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u574e\u74e6\u5409\u7279\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\u00b7\u963f\u5357\u5fb7\uff08Kanwaljeet Singh Anand\uff09\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u8840\u6db2\u6fc0\u7d20\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u9ebb\u9189\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u65e9\u4ea7\u513f\u5728\u624b\u672f\u540e\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5e94\u6fc0\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u4ed6\u53c8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u9ebb\u9189\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u5a74\u513f\uff0c\u672a\u88ab\u9ebb\u9189\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u5728\u624b\u672f\u540e\u6062\u590d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u672f\u540e\u5e76\u53d1\u75c7\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4ed6\u7531\u5f88\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u9762\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\u3001\u751f\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5a74\u513f\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u75bc\u75db\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/present.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-332\" srcset=\"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby.jpg 700w, \/\/m.relmradio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby-300x300.jpg 300w, \/\/m.relmradio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/baby-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u574e\u74e6\u5409\u7279\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\u00b7\u963f\u5357\u5fb7\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u513f\u79d1\u548c\u9ebb\u9189\u5b66\u3001\u56f4\u624b\u672f\u671f\u548c\u75bc\u75db\u533b\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5b98\u7f51\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5409\u5c14\u00b7\u52b3\u68ee\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u963f\u5357\u5fb7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u89c6\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u75db\u89c9\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5a74\u513f\u62e5\u6709\u75db\u89c9\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u4ec5\u57281981-1990\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u67092966\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u5c0f\u513f\u75bc\u75db\uff08pediatric pain\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u8868\uff08\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c1950-1980\u5e74\u768430\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u6ee1\u6253\u6ee1\u7b97\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ea\u51d1\u5f97\u51fa\u51e0\u5341\u7bc7\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u30021987\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ebb\u9189\u533b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\uff08American Society of Anesthesiologists\uff09\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u513f\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08American Academy of Pediatrics\uff09\u5ba3\u5e03\u5728<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2a6bec\" 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class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#999999\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/members.tranquility.net\/~rwinkel\/MGM\/blog\/chamberlain.html\">http:\/\/members.tranquility.net\/~rwinkel\/MGM\/blog\/chamberlain.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/24981\/chapter-abstract\/188919708?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/24981\/chapter-abstract\/188919708?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23548489\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23548489\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/opentext.wsu.edu\/psych105\/chapter\/6-2-a-short-history-of-learning-and-behaviorism\/#:~:text=Behaviorism+is+largely+responsible+for,Pavlov+(1849%E2%80%931936).\">https:\/\/opentext.wsu.edu\/psych105\/chapter\/6-2-a-short-history-of-learning-and-behaviorism\/#:~:text=Behaviorism+is+largely+responsible+for,Pavlov+(1849%E2%80%931936).<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2879174\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2879174\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2890834\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2890834\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/psychclassics.yorku.ca\/Darwin\/infant.htm\">https:\/\/psychclassics.yorku.ca\/Darwin\/infant.htm<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cirp.org\/library\/pain\/anand\/\">http:\/\/www.cirp.org\/library\/pain\/anand\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/3317037\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/3317037\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/lifestyle\/wellness\/1986\/08\/13\/surgery-without-anesthesia-can-preemies-feel-pain\/54d32183-8eed-49a8-9066-9dc7cf0afa82\/\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/lifestyle\/wellness\/1986\/08\/13\/surgery-without-anesthesia-can-preemies-feel-pain\/54d32183-8eed-49a8-9066-9dc7cf0afa82\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1991-10-28-mn-378-story.html\">https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1991-10-28-mn-378-story.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ox.ac.uk\/news\/2015-04-21-babies-feel-pain-adults\">https:\/\/www.ox.ac.uk\/news\/2015-04-21-babies-feel-pain-adults<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u600e\u6837\u544a\u8bc9\u522b\u4eba\u4f60\u5f88\u75bc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":85,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[13],"class_list":["post-84","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-13"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=84"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":335,"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84\/revisions\/335"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/85"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=84"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=84"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/m.relmradio.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=84"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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